Nestled in the highlands of present-day Colombia, the Muisca Confederation was a sophisticated society that thrived long before Spanish conquest. Unlike their contemporaries—the Aztec, Maya, and Inca—the Muisca did not construct grand stone cities. Instead, they built circular dwellings called bohíos, made from wood and clay, arranged around central plazas. These settlements were strategically located on elevated terrains to avoid flooding, showcasing their practical approach to architecture and urban planning.
The Muisca economy was remarkably advanced, characterized by agriculture, mining, and trade. They cultivated a variety of crops, including maize, potatoes, and quinoa, utilizing terrace farming and irrigation systems. Their expertise in mining yielded valuable resources like salt, emeralds, and coal. Trade was facilitated through a barter system, with goods such as cotton textiles and ceramics exchanged in markets held every four to eight days. Notably, the Muisca were unique in South America for using gold discs called tejuelos as a form of currency, reflecting a complex economic structure.
Culturally, the Muisca had a rich tapestry of religious beliefs and artistic expression. They worshipped deities like Nencatacoa, the god of arts and festivities, who was believed to assist in building homes and temples during communal celebrations. Their religious practices included ceremonies at sacred sites, such as the Temple of the Sun in Suamox, and offerings of gold and emeralds in lakes, contributing to the legend of El Dorado. The Muisca’s integration of spirituality, art, and community underscores their unique place in the annals of pre-Columbian civilizations.
