Heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) are an energy-efficient technology of vehicular and indoor environmental comfort. Its aim is to provide suitable indoor air quality and thermal comfort to the occupants. The basic elements in HVAC air heat pumps, ventilation fans, and compressors. Heat pumps transfer heat from one part of the house to another while ventilation systems pull air in and disperse it to other parts of the house through various means like via a fan or through a duct system. Since HVACs differ in size, their capacities also vary. An HVAC system’s efficiency can be measured in terms of how much energy is saved on a monthly basis or annually.

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There are many types of HVACs, which are suited for different kinds of buildings and requirements. They come with or without ducts and control by means of thermostats and controls. Large buildings need HVAC with large capacity heating and cooling equipment and include ductwork. Medium-sized buildings can use HVAC with medium capacity heating and cooling equipment. Small buildings need HVAC with smaller capacity but may use alternative cooling and heating methods.

In HVAC, there are three main types: forced-air, buoyancy, and humidifiers. In forced-air heating and cooling, a liquid, usually gas or oil, is pushed through a fine-tube into the desired area where it is heated. In buoyancy heating and ventilation, a fluid, usually water, is pumped through a flexible tube in a predetermined pattern to provide warmth inside a room. Humidifiers utilize a fan to produce air-flow of water in the humidifying or drying chambers. A humidifier should be used with a proper indoor dehumidifier to ensure adequate moisture removal from the atmosphere.